Elements required: bibliography

Main Contents Page

Before you start

STEP 1: STARTING out

STEP 2: FINDING

STEP 3: EVALUATE

STEP 4: Legal and ethical USE

STEP 5: COMMUNICATE

- Writing an essay/assignment

Consulting sources

Reading and making notes

Preparing the bibliography

In-text referencing

Compiling the bibliography

Example

Elements required

Author, Personal

Author, Corporate

Author, Vague

Date of publication

Title

Sub-title

Edition

Place of publication

Publisher

Journal article

Harvard style

APA style

Vancouver style

Chicago style

Abbreviations for USA

Other links

Writing the first draft

Revising the assignment

Writing final draft

Collating the assignment

Checking the final draft

Example

- Tips for presentations

- Tips for posters

- Tips for brochures

- Tips for displays

- E-communication guidelines

- Writing styles

- Quiz

Publisher

  • Do not confuse the publisher and the printer.
  • Do not include unnecessary and unwieldy parts of the publisher's name, such as & co., ltd., press, & associates etc.
  • Some examples:

    Phaidon (NOT Phaidon Press Limited)
    Longman
    Penguin
    HAUM
    Methuen
    Nasou
    Van Nostrand
    McGraw-Hill
    Routledge & Kegan Paul (note the use of the ampersand "&")

  • If no publisher can be found, use s.n. (sine nomine). [Use italics for the Harvard method] [For the APA method, no italics, e.g. s.n. (sine nomine)].
  • NB. University presses: note that there is a difference between a work published by Oxford University Press or by Oxford University.
  • NB. Publishers are not always commercial undertakings. They may be government or corporate bodies (e.g. UNESCO, World Health Organisation, Organisation for African Unity, African National Congress, etc.).